Asian Indians Now Largest Asian Group in the US, Census Finds
Asian Indians have become the largest single Asian group in the United States, according to new one-year estimates from the Census Bureau's American Community Survey. The analysis shows the population identifying solely as Indian American reached about 5.41 million in 2025.
That is up from roughly 5.09 million in 2024, a gain of more than 315,000. The estimate includes a margin of error of about 77,000.
If people who identify as Asian Indian in combination with other groups or races are counted, the figure rises to about 5.91 million, compared with about 5.56 million a year earlier.
The Chinese population, excluding Taiwanese, stands at about 4.65 million. When Chinese in combination with other groups are included, the total is about 5.97 million, almost equal to the Asian Indian total.
The survey placed the national population at about 341.8 million in 2025.
India also ranks second to Mexico as a birthplace for immigrants living in the country. About 3.40 million people born in India were living in the United States in 2025, up from about 3.16 million in 2024. Mexico-born residents total about 10.61 million. China, excluding Hong Kong and Taiwan, has about 2.40 million, and the Philippines about 2.24 million. The overall foreign-born population was about 50.41 million.
By state, California has the largest Indian-origin community, with about 1.02 million people. Texas follows with roughly 708,000, then New Jersey with about 471,000, New York with about 420,000 and Illinois with about 288,000. Florida is sixth, with about 239,000.
The survey also recorded higher household incomes. The national median household income was $84,780 in 2025, compared with $81,604 in 2024.
Electric vehicles appeared in the bureau's data for the first time. California led with about 14 percent of households owning or leasing an electric vehicle, more than double the national average of 5.5 percent.
Survey statistician Tricia Holly of the Census Bureau said, “Western states have been out front in adopting electric vehicles. California had the highest household adoption rate, followed by Washington, Hawaii and Nevada.”
At the county level, Santa Clara County in California ranks first, with about 24 percent of households owning an electric vehicle. Much of Silicon Valley's technology sector is based there. Loudoun County in Virginia (13.9 percent) and King County in Washington (13.4 percent) are also among the top counties.
About 122.3 million households nationwide have at least one vehicle. Roughly 7.3 million of these have at least one fully electric or plug-in hybrid vehicle.
For the first time, the survey also collected sewer system information. About 80 percent of homes were connected to public sewer systems, and 19.2 percent had septic tanks.
The ACS is the only source of local estimates for most of the more than 40 topics it covers, including language, education, commuting, jobs, income, poverty and health insurance. One-year estimates include areas with populations of 65,000 or more.
The Census Bureau said it will announce release dates for the remaining 2025 ACS products in the coming months, as necessary methodological changes are still being made.