Question Marks Over Unity of Saudi, Turkey, Pakistan Alliance

The Makkah joint defence agreement, signed by Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan, is being examined for its internal inconsistencies. While the treaty copies NATO’s collective defence clause, the three countries do not share a common enemy nor a synchronized threat assessment.

One point of concern highlighted in the analysis is the historic relationship between Riyadh and Islamabad. Despite Saudi Arabia’s recent outreach to India, its willingness to back Pakistan in a potential future clash remains unclear. During the Yemen war, Saudi officials once asked Pakistan for military support; the Pakistani parliament later voted against participation, reflecting divergent security calculations.

The monitor’s assessment also contrasts the Makkah pact with NATO, describing the latter as a coalition built on shared democratic values and human‑rights‑based decision making. By contrast, the new agreement lacks a cohesive political doctrine, raising questions about the depth of commitment each signatory will show when the alliance is truly tested.